Gériatrie Alzheimer ’ S Dementia : a Brief Review
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چکیده
Dementia is an umbrella term that encompasses symptoms of a chronic progressive cognitive decline usually affecting memory and almost always judgment, decision-making, and relationships with others. Dementia can be divided into cortical and subcortical forms. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of cortical dementia, as is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). In subcortical dementia, structures below the cerebral cortex are affected or damaged, such as occurs in Parkinson’s disease. In multi-infarct dementia both the cortical and subcortical parts of the brain are affected. Dementia can also be divided into reversible causes such as hypothyroidism, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and vitamin B12 deficiency, and irreversible causes such as Alzheimer’s disease. The most common causes of progressive dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia. Of those, Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type. Many layperson and some clinicians erroneously use the terms “Alzheimer” and “dementia” interchangeably. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which involves progressive and irreversible loss of neurons in various regions of the brain. It constitutes approximately 60% of all cases of dementia (Fig. 1) and is more common in women. Histopathological changes include formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles resulting in neuronal cell death. It is characterized by impairment of memory and at least one cognitive domain (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, executive function). These must represent a decline from previous levels of functioning and be severe enough to interfere with daily function and independence [1]. It mainly affects the elderly and rarely occurs before the age of 60. This review article will primarily focus on dementia of Alzheimer’s disease.
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تاریخ انتشار 2013